Welcome, Guest. Please login or register.
Did you miss your activation email?
February 10, 2012, 11:53:19 PM
[ Home :: Help :: Search :: Login :: Register ]

+  Reptile Forum
|-+  Let's Chat About It
| |-+  Snake 蛇类讨论区
| | |-+  Venomous Snakes
| | | |-+  Venom
« previous next »
Pages: [1] Print
Author Topic: Venom  (Read 2122 times)
Snakes Incorporated
Senior Moderator - Snake Consultant
Hero Member
****
Posts: 513


Venom
« on: November 23, 2006, 04:49:43 AM »

All venom acts different on the system it is “applied” in to.
One may work in a human quicker or slower but that makes it difficult to compare which is stronger. In my opinion the Boomslang has the most concentrated venom of all snakes in the world. It takes a micro amount to kill a human but this usually will take up to 72 hours were a venomous sea snake will use a considerably more venom in comparison but will take maybe less than an hour depending.
LD50 ratings is very important if you or I were a mouse as the human system is considerably different. (That is another story)


Types of snakes and venom properties

Snake venom is, highly modified saliva, and is produced by modified saliva glands. It is simply a cocktail of hundreds, sometimes thousands, of different proteins and enzymes. Many of these proteins are harmless but a percentage of them are toxins.
The makeup of these toxins varies widely from species to species. This complexity accounts for the widely differing effects of snakebite as the proteins that can kill or immobilise prey vary in their effect and the percentages in which they are present.


The Four Main Venom Properties

HAEMOTOXIN, NEUROTOXIN, CYTOTOXIN, MYOTOXIC

Haemotoxic (Blood destroying), which means that they primarily affect the blood. Haemotoxic venom act principally on the blood-clotting agent producing thrombosis or as anti-coagulant, reducing the clotting power of the blood, causing profuse bleeding hematoxic venom destroys tissue and is very painful. (Examples of these types of snakes is the Boomslang)

Neurotoxic (Nerve Destroying) venoms attack the central nervous system. These may cause almost no pain, but shut down the respiratory systems and interfere with heart functions. (Examples of these types of snakes is the cobra)

Cytotoxic (Cell Destroying)
An intense burning pain followed very soon after bite. The bitten area swells appreciably, becoming inflamed and discoloured, soon extending thought the whole limb, which remains, swollen and extremely painful. Gangrene and abscesses often form at the site of the bite. Death follows a state of unconsciousness and respiration and cardiac failure.


Myotoxic (Paralysis the skeletal muscles) This toxin has not been thoroughly studied and very little is known about its properties. This venom is suitable for fast moving prey such as reef fish. (Examples of these types of snakes is the Yellow-bellied Sea Snake)



There are three types of venomous land snakes: (Teeth/fanged)

Opisthoglyph: These are the rear-fanged snakes; the fangs are enlarged rear teeth with a 'groove' that venom flows down while they are swallowing the prey item. They are mostly harmless or mildly venomous but there are two BIG exceptions. The Boomslang (Dispholidus typus) and the Twig snake (Thelotornis kirtlandi) have killed humans before. Other good examples of this type of snake are the Mangrove (B. dendrophila) and Hognose snakes (Heterodon ssp.)

Proteroglyphs: These are the fixed front fang snakes. These snakes have small non-movable front fangs. When they bite they hang on and 'chew' to envenomate the prey. Obvious examples of this type of snake are the cobras (Naja), kraits (Bungarus), mambas (Dendroaspis), and coral (Micrurus) snakes. These are some of the deadliest snakes in the world.

Solenoglyph: These snakes have movable front fangs. The fangs fold back into the mouth until they are needed. This is what makes these snakes more dangerous work with. They can grab on to your hand like a cobra would but they can also open their mouth almost 180 degrees with the fangs extended straight out. This enables them to strike at any portion of your body because it is more of a 'stab' than a bite. Examples include rattlesnakes (Crotalus), eyelash vipers (Bothriechis), gaboon vipers (Bitis), cottonmouths and copperheads (Agkistrodon)
Logged

Z Trip
Jr. Member
**
Posts: 44


Re: Venom
« Reply #1 on: November 23, 2006, 05:32:41 AM »

SRT-10 Viper. Nice pic. Now what kind of venom does a rear fanged Mangrove snake have?
Logged

Savannah Monitor
Green Iguana
Macklot's Pythons
Coastal Carpet Pythons
Taiwan Beauty Snake
Snakes Incorporated
Senior Moderator - Snake Consultant
Hero Member
****
Posts: 513


Re: Venom
« Reply #2 on: November 24, 2006, 12:09:52 AM »


Mangrove or Shore Pit Viper (Trimeresurus purpureomaculatus)

Lencth  of about 1 metre (3 ft) occurs in offshore islands, coastal mangrove and swampy forests in Peninsular Malaysia and occationaly on the mainland.

Venom mild Cytotoxic and with minimal neurotoxin
Bite is painful but seldom fatal
Logged

Z Trip
Jr. Member
**
Posts: 44


Re: Venom
« Reply #3 on: November 28, 2006, 09:31:14 PM »

No thats not the snake I was talking about.

(Boiga dendrophila melanota)

Is the one I had in mind.
Logged

Savannah Monitor
Green Iguana
Macklot's Pythons
Coastal Carpet Pythons
Taiwan Beauty Snake
Snakes Incorporated
Senior Moderator - Snake Consultant
Hero Member
****
Posts: 513


Re: Venom
« Reply #4 on: November 29, 2006, 05:39:09 AM »

MANGROVE SNAKE
(Boiga dendrophila melanota)

Its yellow-on-black bands resembles the deadly Banded Krait (Bungarus fasciatus). But while the Mangrove’s yellow bands are thin and don’t meet at the top, the Krait’s are equally spaced yellow and black bands. It is rear-fanged and so not as dangerous as the krait. In fact, these snakes can become quite tame and are thus commonly used by snake charmers.

Like other cat snakes, their eyes are large with a narrow vertical slit. This is an adaptation of nocturnal snakes, which allows them to shut out light during the day from entering their highly sensitive eyes This tree-dwelling snake rarely comes down to the ground. They are most active late in the afternoon and evening hours, and bask during the day, stretching along branches at a height of 30m or more. They hunt a wide variety of prey, including snakes, lizards and frogs but most frequently forage for small mammals and birds and their eggs.

Mating and babies: They lay 10 or so eggs in tree hollows. The hatchlings, about 20cm long, and have similar colouration as the adult.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiga_dendrophila


Dangerosity
The virulence of their venom varies according to species' and some can be dangerous but juqu' now no death was announced directly in relation to a bite of Boiga

http://66.218.71.231/language/translation/translatedPage.php?lp=fr_en&text=http%3a%2f%2fperso.numericable.fr%2f%7ehouthoma%2fgeneralitesFR.html
Logged

x6886979o
Jr. Member
**
Posts: 41


段旭:杀手科比到地球上 只因巨大而来_1928http://www.okaxce.com
« Reply #5 on: January 03, 2012, 05:05:11 PM »

他到地球上,为巨大而来1985年,7岁的科比生涯在意大利,他爸爸乔布莱恩特在那儿打球,http://www.okaxce.com。每当爸爸下战书加入练习,科比就站在角落里投篮;竞赛中场休息,科比也跑到场上去投篮;到了周末,科比又跟爸爸坐在一起,观看爷爷从美国给他们寄从前的NBA比赛录像带。年青的科比把那些录像带研讨了一遍又一遍,直到他知道每一名球员下一步会做些什么,知道“魔术师”约翰逊在什么时候做的是假动作,又在什么时候会传球。“打我记事时起,我就有这种欲望,想要懂得比赛。”科比说。1989年,11岁的科比已经不满意于在爸爸训练时单独到角落里投篮了,他开始一直地刺激布莱恩肖,逼肖跟他单挑。那时候,肖是欧洲的明星球员。终于,肖心软了,跟科比玩起了H-O-R-S-E。“时至本日,科比还宣称他当年战胜了我,”肖回想道,“我只好说,没错,一个11岁的孩子,但他很当真。”早在那个时候,肖就从科比身上看到了特殊之处,他说:“他爸爸是个好球员,http://www.350691.com,却跟科比正好相反,十分闲散。科比会跑去挑衅成年人,跟人单挑,而且他是真感到本人能赢。”13岁的时候,科比已经回到美国,在费城郊区读八年级,身体极瘦。在Lower Merion高中一次非正式训练里,他跟校队的球员大战一场,http://www.bo13cai.com,结果把那些人全震住了。“这孩子一来,基本不怕我们,”当时队里的高二球员道格扬说,“他就不停地挥肘,使劲做保护。”那天,科比还不是场上最好的球员,但已经濒临了。1995年,科比成为Lower Merion高中的四年级首领,二心想要率队夺得州冠军。天天早上5点,他就跑到体育馆练球,始终呆到晚上7点,这全在他的打算之中。此前的春天,Lower Merion在季后赛中落败,当四年级球员还在更衣室里彼此拥抱、互道保重时,三年级的科比就站起来,破誓要拿到下一年的州冠军,并且声称:“尽力从当初开端。”Lower Merion高中的“科比时期”,每时每刻都很主要,每次训练都得付出最大的努力。据教练唐纳回忆,在某个一般的礼拜二,训练中,科比和队友一块儿打三对三,谁先得10分谁赢,当时身高1.70米的大三替补罗伯施瓦茨跟科比一拨。两边战成9比9平,施瓦茨得到一个空位,他直接带球上篮,球却没进,成果让对方抢下篮板并得分,他们输掉了这一局。这时候,大多数人都去饮水机那边打水喝了,科比却没有,他责问施瓦茨:“你是怎么想的?居然投最后一球?”施瓦茨看着科比,惊呆了,只好说:“伙计,这是三对三的训练,没那么重要。”施瓦茨应当理解,他说错话了。接下来,他去走廊那边喝水,科比就追在他身后,持续厉声叱责他,两人差点打起来。而后,科比的谴责仍然不结束。“有过那类别人盯着你看的感觉吗?你不必看着他们,可你晓得他们正盯着你的感觉,”施瓦茨说,“我感到接下来20分钟,他的眼睛就一直盯在我身上。就似乎输掉那次三对三,我就害得咱们全队输掉了州冠军一样。”1996年NBA选秀之前,湖人队把刚高中毕业的科比召来试训。科比飞抵洛杉矶,来到英格尔伍德高中球馆,见到了湖人队的总经理杰里韦斯特,以及两名媒体公关约翰布莱克和雷蒙德里德尔。17岁的科比同已退役的湖人球员迈克尔库珀打一对一库珀是NBA历史上有名的外线防守专家,虽已年满40岁,但体形仍坚持得很好,高大硬朗,比年少的科比强健很多。然而,比赛打得一点都不胶着。“库珀看上去好像被他催眠了。”里德尔回忆道。10分钟后,韦斯特站了起来。“就这样吧,我已经看够了,”他说,“他比我们队里现在任何一个人都要好。我们走吧!”
1
            
           2
            
           3
            
           4
Logged
Pages: [1] Print 
« previous next »
Jump to:  


Login with username, password and session length

Powered by MySQL border= Powered by PHP border= Powered by SMF 1.1.11 | SMF © 2006-2009, Simple Machines LLC
SMF Theme © Gaia
Reptile Forum by World Reptile Amphibian Information Center
Valid XHTML 1.0! border= Valid CSS! border=



Reptile Related Top Sites